腹壁可认清肿物的超声鉴别（二）

Miscellaneous Lesions 其他炎症.. Urachal Cyst 凹尿管发炎A urachal cyst may be seen in between the umbilicus and the bladder. It is usually situated in the lower third of the urachus but can be seen just inferior to the umbilicus. These cysts may appear totally anechoic or may reveal low-level internal echoes (Figure 11 )凹尿管发炎出自凹和膀胱之间，举例来说设在凹尿管的下1/3 ，但也可出自仅设在凹下。这些发炎可发挥为完全无回波或低回波。

Figure 11. A, Urachal cyst. The cyst is infected and contains faintly echogenic fluid. B, Urachal cyst. The anterior wall of the tense cyst produces reverberation artifacts. 示意图11A，凹尿管发炎，此发炎已受感染，内外富含微弱回波的液体。B，凹尿管发炎，虚弱的发炎前壁显现出透射伪影。

..Endometriosis子宫乳腺特异性Endometriosis of the abdominal wall may occur as a long-term complication of uterine surgery. It has no specific appearance but is seen as a focal mass at the scar of previous surgery with attacks of cyclic pain and swelling (Figure 12 ).面有子宫乳腺特异性是子宫动手术的长期合并症，无比如说发挥，但可于实际上动手术的瘢痕处见一局部肿物，并有震荡的头痛和肿胀。

Figure 12. Endometriosis in a cesarean delivery scar. 示意图12 ，剖宫产伤痕处子宫乳腺特异性

...Abdominal Wall Hematoma 面有血肿A rectus sheath hematoma may develop after paroxysms of coughing or sneezing or after seizures. The underlying cause is usually either anticoagulant therapy or some bleeding disorder. Because these hematomas are limited within the rectus sheath, they are not very big. Their shape depends on their location. Above the arcuate line, they are usually ovoid in shape with the long axis superoinferior and are seen on one side (Figure 13A ). Below the arcuate line, because of the absence of the linea alba, they can extend across the midline. Then the hematoma may be seen as a padlike lesion with its maximum length along the transverse axis.21–23 In one neonate, an abdominal wall hematoma was seen to spread transversely in the supraumbilical region (Figure 13, B and C ). In patients with post surgical disseminated intrascular coagulation, large hematomas are seen in the abdominal wall in the vicinity of the surgical scar (Figure 13D ).腹直肌鞘血肿可发生于发烧普遍性咳嗽后、喷嚏或哮喘发烧后，其关键在于举例来说是抗凝治疗或出血普遍性疾病。由于血肿受到限制于腹直肌鞘内，举例来说不很大，其形似根据所处所在位置而定，在交叉中央线以上，血肿常与卵圆形，长轴深褐色上下方向，可于一侧从未见过（示意图13A）；在交叉中央线以下，由于腹白中央线缺如，可适配横越中中央线，因此血肿发挥为分叶状，其小得多总长度设在双曲线上。在早产儿面有血肿可出自凹上交叉适配（示意图13B、C）。术后弥散普遍性血管内心肌的病患者可于面有动手术瘢痕附近从未见过大的血肿（示意图13D）。

Figure 13. A, Rectus sheath hematoma in an elderly woman after severe cough. Arrows point to the fascia transversalis. B, Abdominal wall hematoma in a neonate. C, Abdominal wall hematoma overlying umbilical vein insertion in a neonate. UV indicates umbilical vein. D, Abdominal wall hematoma in a cesarean delivery scar in a patient with disseminated intrascular coagulation. 示意图13A，一中年妇女剧烈咳嗽后腹直肌鞘血肿，圆圈指示腹横脊柱。B，早产儿面有血肿。C，一早产儿凹动脉填充处上面的面有血肿。UV，凹动脉。D，一弥散普遍性血管内心肌的剖宫产术后病患者疤痕处面有血肿。

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